查理二世(1630～1685年)
Charles II
英国和爱尔兰国王（1660～1685）。查理一世和亨丽埃塔.玛丽亚之子。在英国内战期间支持其父作战。在查理一世被处决後，1651年查理二世从苏格兰入侵英格兰，以失败告终。之後流亡法国，直到克伦威尔死後，政治环境又倾向於恢复君主制。查理的「布雷达宣言」替他在1660年5月的复辟铺平了道路。因为他解除了清教徒娱乐的禁令和其个人喜欢享乐而被冠上「快乐的国王」的封号；他最有名的情妇是女演员贵英。在位期间的重要事件包括：具争议性的「多佛密约」，以及和荷兰的两次战争（参阅Anglo-Dutch Wars）。1660年代皇后布拉干萨的凯瑟琳屡次流产，其拥有合法继承人的希望渺茫（虽然他有十四个私生子）。当谣传他的弟弟詹姆斯（信奉天主教，未来的詹姆斯二世）将发动天主教阴谋取代他时，他几乎失去对政府的控制。查理二世小心翼翼地重建对政府的控制，最後巩固了王权。其政治手腕灵活、洞察力敏锐，使他能在在位期间安然度过安立甘宗、天主教和一些反对者的斗争风潮。
English version：
1630～1685年
Charles II
King of Great Britain and Ireland (1660-85). Son of Charles I and Henrietta Maria, he supported his father in the English Civil Wars. After his father's execution, he invaded England in 1651 but was defeated at Worcester. He then spent years in exile until Oliver Cromwell died and conditions favored a return to the monarchy. His Declaration of Breda paved the way for him to be proclaimed king in May 1660 (see Restoration). He became known as “the Merry Monarch” for his lifting of Puritan restrictions on entertainment and his own love of pleasure; his best-known mistress was the actress Nell Gwyn. Important events of his reign included the controversial Treaty of Dover and two wars with the Dutch (see Anglo-Dutch Wars). By the 1670s the miscarriages of his queen, Catherine of Braganza, had reduced hopes that he would have a legitimate heir (though he left at least 14 illegitimate offspring). He almost lost control of his government when hysteria arose over the so-called Popish Plot to replace him with his Roman Catholic brother James (the future James II). Charles kept his nerve, reestablished his political control, and eventually enjoyed a resurgence in loyalty. His political adaptability and acumen enabled him to steer his country through the struggle between Anglicans, Catholics, and dissenters that marked his reign.