工党(Labour Party)
英国政党，过去与工会的连结关系促使其在创造国家经济繁荣和提供社会服务上扮演活跃的角色。与保守党处於相对地位，工党自20世纪初以来为英国主要的民主社会党。1900年英国职工大会与独立工党（1893年成立）共同组成「工人代表委员会」，1906年改名工党。1918年成为有民主章程的社会党，到了1922年时取代自由党成为正式的反对党。1924年麦克唐纳在自由党支持下组成第一届工党政府。工党自1935年开始丧失权力，直到1945年重获选举胜利，由艾德礼组成的政府（持续至1951年）建立了社会福利体系，包括国民保健署和广泛的工业国有化。工党在威尔逊（1964～1970）和贾拉汉（1974～1979）的领导下重获政权，但因为经济问题和与工会间越来越恶劣的关系而崩溃。1983年富特提出的激进政策使工党大败。金诺克（生於1942年）虽将党的立场移向中庸，但只有在1997年布莱尔和他的「新工党」议题成功地让工党重回执政地位。
English version：
Labour Party
British political party whose historic links with trade unions have led it to promote an active role for the state in the creation of economic prosperity and the provision of social services. In opposition to the Conservative Party, it has been Britain's major democratic socialist party since the early 20th century. In 1900 the Trades Union Congress and the Independent Labour Party (founded 1893) established the Labour Representation Committee, which took the name Labour Party in 1906. In 1918 it became a socialist party with a democratic constitution, and by 1922 it had supplanted the Liberal Party as the official opposition party. In 1924 James Ramsay MacDonald formed the first Labour government, with Liberal support. The party was out of power from 1935 until a spectacular recovery in 1945 brought in Clement R. Attlee's government (until 1951), which introduced a system of social welfare, including a national health service, and extensive nationalization of industry. Labour regained power under Harold Wilson (1964-70) and later James Callaghan (1974-79), but foundered because of economic problems and worsening relations with its trade-union allies. In 1983 Michael Foot's radical program resulted in a massive Labour defeat. Neil Kinnock (born 1942) moved the party toward the center, but only in 1997 did Tony Blair and his “New Labour” agenda succeed in returning Labour to power.