窦加(1834～1917年)
Degas, (Hilaire-Germain-) Edgar
法国画家、图像艺术家和雕刻家。父为富裕银行家。1855年进入巴黎美术学校学画。他花了很多时间在义大利学习，模仿古代大师的绘画，并成为一个技术优良的画匠，绘制历史画和肖像画。1860年代他受到马奈（Edouard Manet）的印象主义（Impressionism）的影响，放弃了他的学院派理想，把他的绘画主题转向巴黎形色匆匆的生活，特别是芭蕾、戏剧、马戏团、赛马场和咖啡馆。他还受到日本版画和新摄影手法的影响，他运用动态的人群和不常见的透视画法来创造那种看起来动作很平常自在的人物群，类似快拍的效果（如《勒皮克子爵及其女儿们》）。窦加出於兴趣对芭蕾和赛马很着迷，他特别喜欢画那些专注於自己职业的人们。他作了许多粉彩画，这是他最喜欢用的素材，画了一系列的女人、浴女、芭蕾伶娜和马赛。窦加约从1880年开始制造蜡像，这些蜡像後来在他死後铸成铜像。他是第一个获得认同的印象派画家。
English version：
1834～1917年
Degas, (Hilaire-Germain-) Edgar
French painter, graphic artist, and sculptor. The son of a wealthy banker, he entered the école des Beaux-Arts in 1855. He spent much time in Italy studying and copying the old masters and became a skilled draftsman, producing history paintings and portraits. In the 1860s he was introduced to Impressionism by Edouard Manet and gave up his academic aspirations, turning for his subject matter to the fast-moving city life of Paris, particularly the ballet, theater, circus, racetrack, and cafés. Influenced by Japanese prints and the new medium of photography, he used displaced figure groupings and unfamiliar perspective to create figure groups seen informally and in movement, similar in effect to snapshots (e.g., Place de la Concorde). His fascination with the ballet and the racetrack sprang from his interest in picturing people absorbed in the practiced movements of their occupations. He worked much in pastel, his favorite medium, producing series of women, bathers, ballerinas, and horse races. From c. 1880 he modeled wax figures, which were cast in bronze after his death. He was the first of the Impressionists to achieve recognition.