理查一世(1157～1199年)
Richard I
别名狮心王理查（Richard the Lionheart）
法语作Richard Coeur de Lion
亚奎丹公爵（1168～1199）和普瓦捷公爵（1172～1199），英格兰国王、诺曼第公爵和安茹伯爵（1189～1199）。从其母亲，亚奎丹的埃莉诺，继承亚奎丹。那儿真正的权威受到否定後，他起义反抗她的父亲亨利二世（1173～1174），後来获得法国腓力二世的支援，在对抗亨利的战役中胜利（1189）。该年亨利去世，他便被奉为英格兰国王，并策划第三次十字军东征（1190），在西西里停留，任命坦克雷德为王，征服塞浦路斯。他在圣地取得胜利，但未能取得耶路撒冷，和萨拉丁签订了休战协定（1192）。回家的路上他被奥地利的利奥波德捕获，交到德国的亨利六世手上，并被囚禁直到支付了赎金（1194）。理查回到英国，从他的兄弟约翰手中再度获得王位，将其余生在诺曼第对抗腓力二世中度过。
English version：
1157～1199年
Richard I
FrenchRichard Coeur de LionDuke of Aquitaine (1168-99) and Poitiers (1172-99) and king of England, duke of Normandy, and count of Anjou (1189-99). He inherited Aquitaine from his mother, Eleanor of Aquitaine. Denied real authority there, he rebelled against his father, Henry II (1173-74), and later enlisted Philip II of France in a successful campaign against Henry (1189). Crowned king of England on Henry's death that year, Richard embarked on the Third Crusade (1190), stopping in Sicily to name Tancred king and conquering Cyprus. He won victories in the Holy Land, but after failing to gain Jerusalem he signed a truce (1192) with Saladin. On his way home Richard was captured by Leopold of Austria and turned over to Henry VI of Germany, who imprisoned him until a ransom was paid (1194). Richard returned to England and reclaimed the throne from his brother John, then spent the rest of his life in Normandy fighting against Philip II.