坟墓(tomb)
指死人的安身之处；广义言之泛指各种类型的墓葬、纪念馆和陵园。史前的坟墓古塚或塚（人造的土山或石山，并打桩固定），通常建於死者生前生活的小屋周围，小屋中存有死者来世用的个人财物。古塚是日本古坟时代（西元3～6世纪）的显着特徵，这些巍峨壮观的古塚，土丘状如键孔，周围有壕沟环绕。古塚的形状有时与某些动物形状相似，体现了西元前1000～西元700年间北美洲中东部印第安诸文化的特徵。随着科技的发展，由砖块和石头砌成的坟墓出现，大小通常令人叹服。在埃及，坟墓是非常重要的，特别是金字塔的造型。在中世纪基督教中，坟墓被看作是亡灵在天堂之家的象徵，这种概念也出现於罗马人的地下墓窟中，地下墓窟四周的墙壁上通常都刻有天堂的图案。自文艺复兴以来，坟墓是「死人之家」的概念在西方绝迹，只有陵墓和近代的地窖公墓还可以稍微联想到此一概念。亦请参阅beehive tomb、cenotaph、mastaba、stele。
English version：
tomb
Home or house for the dead. The term is applied loosely to all kinds of graves, funerary monuments, and memorials. Prehistoric tomb burial mounds, or barrows (artificial hills of earth and stones piled over the remains), were usually built around a hut containing personal effects for use in the afterlife. Burial mounds were a prominent feature of the Tumulus period in Japan (3rd-6th century); these often spectacular monuments consisted of earthen keyhole-shaped mounds surrounded by moats. Burial mounds, sometimes shaped like animals, were characteristic also of Indian cultures of eastern central North America c. 1000 BC-AD 700. With more advanced technology, brick and stone tombs appeared, often of imposing size. In Egypt tombs assumed great importance, especially in the form of pyramids. In medieval Christian thought, the tomb became a symbol of a heavenly home; this concept appeared in the Roman catacombs, whose walls display scenes of paradise. Since the Renaissance, the idea of the tomb as a home has died out in the West, except as a faint reminiscence in the mausoleums or vaults of modern cemeteries. See also beehive tomb, cenotaph, mastaba, stele.