卡内基(1835～1919年)
Carnegie, Andrew
美国实业家和慈善家。苏格兰织工之子，1848年与家人移民美国。在电报局工作时，他的才气引起宾夕法尼亚铁路公司高层人士的注意，後来被聘请到这家公司任职，之後对一些工业企业作精明的投资，到三十岁时已是个小富翁。1872～1873年在匹兹堡附近创建钢铁厂，即後来的卡内基钢铁公司。他采用了新技术如平炉炼钢法，并透过垂直整合提高效率，建立了主宰美国钢铁业的大型企业。1901年把公司卖给了摩根，即後来的美国钢铁公司的一部分。他认为有钱人有义务利用其剩余的财富来改进人类。卡内基退休後致力於慈善事业，捐钱给图书馆、大学（包括卡内基-梅伦大学），也捐助基金给卡内基匹兹堡协会和卡内基纽约基金会（卡内基基金会中最大的基金会）。
English version：
1835～1919年
Carnegie, Andrew
U.S. industrialist and philanthropist. The son of a Scottish weaver, he emigrated to the U.S. with his family in 1848. A job in a telegraph office led to his early career with the Pennsylvania Railroad Co., and his canny investments made him wealthy by age 30. In 1872-73 he founded the steelworks near Pittsburgh that evolved into the Carnegie Steel Co. in 1889. By adopting technological innovations such as the open-hearth furnace and by increasing efficiency through vertical integration, Carnegie built a vast enterprise that dominated the U.S. steel industry. In 1901 he sold his company to J. P. Morgan, and it became part of U.S. Steel. Believing that rich men were obliged to use their surplus wealth for the improvement of mankind, Carnegie retired to devote himself to philanthropy, giving hundreds of millions of dollars to libraries and universities, including Carnegie-Mellon Univ., and endowing such organizations as the Carnegie Institute of Pittsburgh and the Carnegie Corp. of New York, the largest of all his foundations.