俾斯麦(1815～1898年)
Bismarck, Otto (Eduard Leopold) von
受封为Fürst (Prince) von Bismarck
普鲁士政治人物，在1871年建立德意志帝国，并且担任首相长达十九年。出身普鲁士地主精英阶级，他攻读法律，1849年当选普鲁士国会议员。1851年担任法兰克福的联邦议会普鲁士代表。在出任驻俄罗斯大使（1859～1862）和法国大使（1862）後，他成为普鲁士首相兼外相（1862～1871）。当他就任时，普鲁士被普遍视为欧洲五大强权中最弱的，但在他的领导下，普鲁士在1864年战胜丹麦（参阅Schleswig-Holstein Question），又打赢七周战争（1866）和普法战争（1870～1871）。经由这些战争，他达成了以普鲁士支配德意志帝国的政治统一目标。帝国一建立，他即成为宰相。这位「铁血宰相」借着反法联盟（参阅Dreikaiserbund、Reinsurance Treaty、Triple Alliance）巧妙地保持着欧洲的和平。在国内，他实施行政及经济改革，但致力於保持当时的地位，反对德国社会民主党和天主教会（参阅Kulturkampf）。1890年俾斯麦离职时，欧洲版图已经大为改观。然而，德意志帝国（他最大的成就）在他身後仅存在了二十年，因为他并未创造出内部团结一致的民族。
English version：
1815～1898年
Bismarck, Otto (Eduard Leopold) von
Prussian statesman who founded the German empire in 1871 and served as its chancellor for 19 years. Born into the Prussian landowning elite, Bismarck studied law and was elected to the Prussian Diet in 1849. In 1851 he was appointed Prussian representative to the federal Diet in Frankfurt. After serving as ambassador to Russia (1859-62) and France (1862), he became prime minister and foreign minister of Prussia (1862-71). When he took office Prussia was widely considered the weakest of the five European powers, but under his leadership Prussia won a war against Denmark in 1864 (see Schleswig-Holstein Question), the Seven Weeks' War (1866), and the Franco-Prussian War (1870-71). Through these wars he achieved his goal of political unification of a Prussian-dominated German empire. Once the empire was established, he became its chancellor. The “Iron Chancellor” skillfully preserved the peace in Europe through alliances against France (see Three Emperors' League, Reinsurance Treaty, Triple Alliance). Domestically, he introduced administrative and economic reforms but sought to preserve the status quo, opposing the Social Democratic Party and the Catholic church (see Kulturkampf). When Bismarck left office in 1890, the map of Europe had been changed immeasurably. However, the German empire, his greatest achievement, survived him by only 20 years because he had failed to create an internally unified people.